Association of vitamin D deficiency as an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction and its therapeutic implications: a systematic review
Balasubramanian, Abirami Kunchala, Keerthi Shahbaz, Aaisha Kar, Akankshya Sankar, Jawahar Anand, Sunethra Attalla, Mary Hassan, Mariam Mehmood, Pareesa K Kunapuli, Anusha
Balasubramanian, Abirami
Kunchala, Keerthi
Shahbaz, Aaisha
Kar, Akankshya
Sankar, Jawahar
Anand, Sunethra
Attalla, Mary
Hassan, Mariam
Mehmood, Pareesa K
Kunapuli, Anusha
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent condition globally and has emerged as a significant risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Although its role in the regulation of phospho-calcic metabolism is well established, its involvement in the evolution of myocardial infarction (MI) is yet to be fully understood. Vitamin D deficiency is a manageable condition, and a reasonable time to assess and commence treatment is crucial, as the patient presents with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This article discusses the various mechanisms through which vitamin D may prevent MI, including its role in the development of atherosclerosis, as well as its cardioprotective effects. Cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle have exhibited the presence of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) on the surface. Vitamin D deficiency also plays a crucial role in upregulating inflammatory cytokines and activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). This review aims to explore the implications of vitamin D deficiency on MI by assessing multiple observational studies and randomized controlled trials. The findings suggest a positive correlation between low serum vitamin D levels and the incidence of MI, based on observational studies. Additionally, studies reflect that hypovitaminosis D predisposes AMI patients to post-infarction complications and cardiac remodeling. Contrastingly, the impact of vitamin D supplementation on mitigating the risk of MI is debatable, as evidenced by interventional studies. Future research is thus warranted to showcase the promising approach of vitamin D supplementation in lowering the risk of MI, alongside investigating optimal dosing and evaluating long-term impacts on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
MIDER Authors
Date
2025-01-13
Type
Article
Subject
Cardiology, Diseases & disorders of systemic, metabolic or environmental origin::Diet & nutrition
Collections
Citation
Balasubramanian A, Kunchala K, Shahbaz A, Kar A, Sankar J, Anand S, Attalla M, Hassan M, Mehmood PK, Kunapuli A, Voruganti ST, Siddiqui HF. Association of Vitamin D Deficiency as an Independent Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction and Its Therapeutic Implications: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2025 Jan 13;17(1):e77375. doi: 10.7759/cureus.77375.
Journal / Source Title
Cureus
DOI
10.7759/cureus.77375
PMID
39944452
Publisher
Cureus
Publisher’s URL
http://www.cureus.com
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/journals/?term=101596737
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/journals/?term=101596737