Simulation in robotic-assisted thoracic surgery: a systematic review.
Walji, Hasanali David de Rosenzweig, Pablo Gomes-da Silva Jesani, Hannah Martin-Ucar, Antonio Hernandez-Arenas, Luis
Walji, Hasanali David
de Rosenzweig, Pablo Gomes-da Silva
Jesani, Hannah
Martin-Ucar, Antonio
Hernandez-Arenas, Luis
Abstract
Method: A literature search was conducted across three databases using terms: robot* AND simulat* AND thora* OR chest* from January 2010 to December 2025. Themes regarding development of a robotic surgical program were identified. The papers were critically appraised and scored using the MMERSQI tool. Results: Out of 455 articles, 24 full-text articles were reviewed, and ten included in the final review. Three themes emerged: competency assessment, skills development, and MDT education. Studies indicated minimally invasive surgery skills can predict robotic skill acquisition. There is conflicting evidence on whether simulation sets a benchmark for competency or enhances surgical skills. Translation of improvements from simulation to clinical practice remains unclear. Simulation was also highlighted as a method to ensure team members develop together and offer organisations learning opportunities. Conclusion: Recommendations on incorporating simulation into a RATS program include: prioritize surgeons experienced in minimally invasive techniques for early introduction to RATS via simulation; avoid using simulation benchmarking as the sole marker of competence; use virtual simulation-based learning for familiarity with robotic systems but do not accept it as surgical experience for certification; and emphasize MDT simulation for improved teamwork and organizational learning.
Affiliations
Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
Date
2026-02-26
Type
Article
Collections
Citation
J Robot Surg . 2026 Feb 26;20(1):296.