Characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19 breakthrough infections in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies : results from the COVAD study
Abstract
Objectives: To explore prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19 breakthrough infections (BIs) in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) using data from the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) study. Methods: A validated patient self-reporting e-survey was circulated by the COVAD study group to collect data on COVID-19 infection and vaccination in 2022. BIs were defined as COVID-19 occurring ≥14 days after 2 vaccine doses. We compared BIs characteristics and severity among IIMs, other autoimmune rheumatic and non-rheumatic diseases (AIRD, nrAID), and healthy controls (HC). Multivariable Cox regression models assessed the risk factors for BI, severe BI and hospitalisations among IIMs. Results: Among 9449 included response, BIs occurred in 1447 (15.3%) respondents, median age 44 years (IQR 21), 77.4% female, and 182 BIs (12.9%) occurred among 1406 IIMs. Multivariable Cox regression among IIMs showed age as a protective factor for BIs [Hazard Ratio (HR)=0.98, 95%CI = 0.97-0.99], hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine use were risk factors (HR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.24-2.64, and HR = 3.79, 95%CI = 1.69-8.42, respectively). Glucocorticoid use was a risk factor for severe BI (HR = 3.61, 95%CI = 1.09-11.8). Non-White ethnicity (HR = 2.61, 95%CI = 1.03-6.59) was a risk factor for hospitalisation. Compared with other groups, patients with IIMs required more supplemental oxygen therapy (IIM = 6.0% vs AIRD = 1.8%, nrAID = 2.2%, and HC = 0.9%), intensive care unit admission (IIM = 2.2% vs AIRD = 0.6%, nrAID, and HC = 0%), advanced treatment with antiviral or monoclonal antibodies (IIM = 34.1% vs AIRD = 25.8%, nrAID = 14.6%, and HC = 12.8%), and had more hospitalisation (IIM = 7.7% vs AIRD = 4.6%, nrAID = 1.1%, and HC = 1.5%). Conclusion: Patients with IIMs are susceptible to severe COVID-19 BI. Age and immunosuppressive treatments were related to the risk of BIs.
Author
Hoff, Leonardo Santos
Naveen, R
Sen, Parikshit
Day, Jessica
Joshi, Mrudula
Nune, Arvind
Nikiphorou, Elena
Saha, Sreoshy
Tan, Ai Lyn
Shinjo, Samuel Katsuyuki
Ziade, Nelly
Velikova, Tsvetelina
Milchert, Marcin
Jagtap, Kshitij
Parodis, Ioannis
Edgar Gracia-Ramos, Abraham
Cavagna, Lorenzo
Kuwana, Masataka
Knitza, Johannes
Chen, Yi Ming
Makol, Ashima
Agarwal, Vishwesh
Patel, Aarat
Pauling, John D
Wincup, Chris
Barman, Bhupen
Zamora Tehozol, Erick Adrian
Rojas Serrano, Jorge
García-De La Torre, Ignacio
Colunga-Pedraza, Iris J
Merayo-Chalico, Javier
Chibuzo, Okwara Celestine
Katchamart, Wanruchada
Akarawatcharangura Goo, Phonpen
Shumnalieva, Russka
El Kibbi, Lina
Halabi, Hussein
Vaidya, Binit
Shaharir, Syahrul Sazliyana
Hasan, A T M Tanveer
Dey, Dzifa
Toro Gutiérrez, Carlos Enrique
Caballero-Uribe, Carlo V
Lilleker, James B
Salim, Babur
Gheita, Tamer
Chatterjee, Tulika
Distler, Oliver
Saavedra, Miguel A
Chinoy, Hector
Agarwal, Vikas
Aggarwal, Rohit
Gupta, Latika
Naveen, R
Sen, Parikshit
Day, Jessica
Joshi, Mrudula
Nune, Arvind
Nikiphorou, Elena
Saha, Sreoshy
Tan, Ai Lyn
Shinjo, Samuel Katsuyuki
Ziade, Nelly
Velikova, Tsvetelina
Milchert, Marcin
Jagtap, Kshitij
Parodis, Ioannis
Edgar Gracia-Ramos, Abraham
Cavagna, Lorenzo
Kuwana, Masataka
Knitza, Johannes
Chen, Yi Ming
Makol, Ashima
Agarwal, Vishwesh
Patel, Aarat
Pauling, John D
Wincup, Chris
Barman, Bhupen
Zamora Tehozol, Erick Adrian
Rojas Serrano, Jorge
García-De La Torre, Ignacio
Colunga-Pedraza, Iris J
Merayo-Chalico, Javier
Chibuzo, Okwara Celestine
Katchamart, Wanruchada
Akarawatcharangura Goo, Phonpen
Shumnalieva, Russka
El Kibbi, Lina
Halabi, Hussein
Vaidya, Binit
Shaharir, Syahrul Sazliyana
Hasan, A T M Tanveer
Dey, Dzifa
Toro Gutiérrez, Carlos Enrique
Caballero-Uribe, Carlo V
Lilleker, James B
Salim, Babur
Gheita, Tamer
Chatterjee, Tulika
Distler, Oliver
Saavedra, Miguel A
Chinoy, Hector
Agarwal, Vikas
Aggarwal, Rohit
Gupta, Latika
Citations
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Date
2024-03-02
Type
Article
Subject
Rheumatology
Collections
Citation
Hoff LS, Naveen R, Sen P, Day J, Joshi M, Nune A, Nikiphorou E, Saha S, Tan AL, Shinjo SK, Ziade N, Velikova T, Milchert M, Jagtap K, Parodis I, Edgar Gracia-Ramos A, Cavagna L, Kuwana M, Knitza J, Chen YM, Makol A, Agarwal V, Patel A, Pauling JD, Wincup C, Barman B, Zamora Tehozol EA, Rojas Serrano J, García-De La Torre I, Colunga-Pedraza IJ, Merayo-Chalico J, Chibuzo OC, Katchamart W, Akarawatcharangura Goo P, Shumnalieva R, El Kibbi L, Halabi H, Vaidya B, Shaharir SS, Hasan ATMT, Dey D, Toro Gutiérrez CE, Caballero-Uribe CV, Lilleker JB, Salim B, Gheita T, Chatterjee T, Distler O, Saavedra MA; COVAD study group; Chinoy H, Agarwal V, Aggarwal R, Gupta L. Characteristics and risk factors of COVID-19 breakthrough infections in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: Results from the COVAD study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2024 Mar 2:keae128. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keae128
Journal / Source Title
Rheumatology
DOI
10.1093/rheumatology/keae128
PMID
38430474
Publisher
Oxford University Press